Objective : Suicide is a disaster of unknown magnitude in developing countries such as Nepal. This review aimed to explore suicide and suicide prevention policies in Nepal.
Methods:Published articles and other reports were reviewed using content analysis.
Results:The estimated suicide rate in Nepal is between 8.6 to 24.9 per 100,000 populations, which is more than double that of the global age-standardized suicide rate of 11.4 per 100,000. However, there is a severe shortage of reliable, representative, and nationwide data about the burden of suicide in Nepal. The major reasons for the underreporting of suicidal attempt and cases include the misclassification of cases, lack of coordination between the legal and health sectors, stigma, a lack of awareness, legal provisions, and poor death registration systems. Most of the studies were institution-based using either autopsy reports of suicide cases or cases of deliberate self-harm. Hanging and poisoning accounted for more than 90% of suicides; and organophosphorus poisoning was the most common cause of poisoning. Suicide and suicide attempts were more frequently reported in women and young people, especially among those between 20 and 35 years of age. A mental health policy was adopted in 1997 with the objective to ensure accessibility of basic mental health services for all; to develop required manpower; and to improve awareness about mental health. However, its implementation has not been effective. The Mental Health Act was drafted in 2006, but its endorsement by the government is also pending.
Conclusions:The suicide burden in Nepal seems alarming but receives far less attention and priority. Although there is a mental health policy and some provision of mental health services, no specific suicide prevention strategies are developed.
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