TOP
This study assessed university students’ knowledge and precaution practices of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in South Korea, China, and Japan, and investigated their depressive states during the pandemic. This cross-sectional survey collected data from 821 respondents, using an anonymous online questionnaire designed by the Yonsei Global Health Center, from 23 March to 20 April 2020, which included socio-demographic questions, knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19, preventative practices, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale to assess mental health. High proportions of respondents showed good knowledge of the transmission pathways and information related to COVID-19. Contact history as well as concerns about family members and the disease showed statistically significant distinctions by nationality and gender. On the whole, all participants reported good levels of preventative practices. The Chinese group reported the highest preventative practice scores; and females scored higher than males. Moreover, the Japanese group showed the most severe depressive states; overall, females experienced more severe depression than males. Thus, authorities should especially emphasize the importance of COVID-19 precautions to males. Educational departments and health authorities should observe the mental health of university adults during the pandemic and plan interventions to improve it.
Background: This study is aimed to verify individual and regional-level factors affecting the depression of Koreans and to develop social programs for improving the depressive status.
Methods: This study used individual-level variables from the Korean Community Health Survey (2018) and used the e-regional index of the Korean Statistical Information Service as the regional-level variable. A multi-level logistic regression was executed to identify individual and regional-level variables that were expected to affect the extent of depressive symptoms and to draw the receiver operating characteristic curve to compare the volume of impact between variables from both levels.
Results: The results of the multi-level logistic regression analysis in regards to individual-level factors showed that older age, female gender, a lower income level, a lower education level, not having a spouse, the practice of walking, the consumption of breakfast higher levels of stress, and having high blood pressure or diabetes were associated with a greater increase in depressive symptoms. In terms of regional factors, areas with fewer cultural facilities and fewer car registration had higher levels of depressive symptoms. The comparison of area under the curve showed that individual factors had a greater influence than regional factors.
Conclusion: This study showed that while both, individual and regional-level factors affect depression, the influence of the latter was relatively weaker as compared to the first. In this sense, it is necessary to develop programs focused on the individual, such as social prescribing at the local or community-level, rather than the city and nation-level approach that are currently prevalent.
본 연구는 노인 우울의 영향을 미치는 요인 간의 관계를 규명하고, 향후 노인통합서비 스 중재를 위한 커뮤니티케어 활동의 기초자료로 활용하고자 시행되었다. W시 H면 4 개리에 거주하는 65세 이상의 노인을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 사용하여 2019년 4 월 15일부터 5월 7일까지 3주간 자료를 수집하였으며, 총 179부가 분석에 사용되었다. 분석은 SPSS 24.0과 AMOS 21.0을 사용하여 경로 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 응 답자는 68.2%가 여성이었으며, 평균 연령은 78.22세였다. 연구 모형 경로 확인 결과 사회적 지지에서 주관적 건강 수준과 우울의 경로, 주관적 건강 수준에서 만성질환 수와 우울 경로가 통계적으로 유의하였다. 농촌 노인의 우울에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 사 회적 지지와 주관적 건강이 확인되었다. 이와 함께, 사회적 지지는 사회적 참여에도 영 향을 주는 것으로 나타나 향후 농촌 노인의 우울 감소와 사회 참여를 높이기 위해서는 사회적 지지를 강화시켜주기 위한 커뮤니티 케어 프로그램의 개발과 적용이 필요하다
In Africa, the first confirmed case of COVID-19 was reported in Egypt on February 14, 2020. Since then, the number of cases
has continued to increase with Ethiopia, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Nigeria, Sudan, Angola, Tanzania, Ghana,
and Kenya identified as vulnerable countries. The present study aimed to: 1) identify differences in trust level of COVID-19
diagnosis, recent healthcare utilization experiences, and COVID-19-related knowledge, information, and prevention practices in
South Korea, Ethiopia, and DRC; and 2) identify factors influencing trust level in healthcare facilities regarding COVID-19
diagnosis. The present study was cross-sectional. The questionnaire survey was conducted between May 1?14, 2020 using
Google forms, and 748 respondents were included in the final analysis. The data collected were analyzed using ANOVA, post -
hoc test, and binary logistic regression analysis. South Korea showed higher rate of practice for COVID-19 prevention such as
hand washing, mask wearing, and etc. than Ethiopia and DRC. The results showed significant differences with the trust level
being 3.129 times higher in respondents from DRC than those from Ethiopia (aOR=3.129, 95% CI: [1.884-5.196], p<.000) and
29.137 times higher in respondents from South Korean than those from Ethiopia (aOR=29.137, 95% CI: [13.869-61.210],
p<.000). Gender, age, number of family members, healthcare utilization experience, information, and practice were significant
variables. Health education expansion for information and practice about COVID-19 in Ethiopia and DRC is necessary. (Afr J
Reprod Health 2020 (Special Edition); 24[2]:66-77).
본 연구의 목적은 콩고민주공화국에서 5세 미만 아동을 대상으로 실시한 영양개선 프로그램의 가구 소득수준에 따른 효과를 파악함에 있으며, 향 후 영양 중재프로그램 관리를 위한 근거를 제시하기 위함이다. 본 연구는 지역사회기반에서 빈곤층과 비-빈곤층으로 실시한 비동등성 대조군 사전 및 사후연구로 설계되었으며, 콩고민주공화국 5세 미만 영양실조 아동들을 대상으로 RUTF(Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods)를 제공한 영양개선 프로그램이 중재이다.
본 연구의 측정도구는 UNICEF의 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey(MICS) 2011 설문지를 사업지역 환경에 맞게 재구성하였으며, WHO의 Weight-for-length/height Z-Score(WHZ)와 UNICEF의 Mid-Upper Arm Circumference(MUAC)를 사용하여 영양상태를 측정하였다. 설문조사는 2014년에 기초선조사, 2017년에 종료선조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료를 이용하여, 영양개선 프로그램의 성과를 분석하기 위해 이중차이 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 종속변수는 5세 미만 아동의 영양실조여부이다.
연구 결과, 영양개선 프로그램으로 빈곤층 가정의 5세 미만 아동은 중재 프로그램 전 대비 영양상태가 2.538배 개선된 것으로 확인되었으나, 비-빈곤층 가정의 5세 미만 아동은 영양상태 개선효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 아프리카 개발도상국의 소득상위계층의 영양실조는 감소되었지만 소득하위계층은 2배 이상 증가되었다. 하지만 현재 아프리카 개발도상국에서 실시하고 있는 영양개선 프로그램은 가구의 소득을 구분하여 시행하고 있지는 않다. 이에, 향후 콩고민주공화국을 포함한 개발도상국에서 5세 미만 아동을 대상으로 영양개선 프로그램을 시행할 때 소득수준도 고려하여 계획할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Background: Amidst a global COVID-19 pandemic situation, government adequate preparation and response plays an important role. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the trend of government response to COVID-19 in six regions, by country, and to identify the national variables affecting the government’s response.
Method: This study was designed using data from a panel survey in 151 countries across six regions between January 1, 2020 and May 18, 2020, using the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker Stringency Index and the World Bank Open DATA. This study used linear regression, nonlinear regression model, heat diagrams, and bubble chart to analyze the COVID-19 trends. In addition, between-within model was used to compare the Stringency Index’s determinants by country.
Findings: The stringency index in six regions increased continuously until the third week of April, and then it began to decline. Four countries - Burkina Faso, Madagascar, New Zealand, South Korea - had relaxed the government response. As a result of analyzing the government response according to the trend of COVID-19 as of April 1st, AFRO is a cautionary stage, EURO is a stable stage, PAHO is an Appropriate response, and WPRO is an overreaction. Among national indicators education was identified as the greatest national indicator with the greatest effect on governments response to COVID-19.
Interpretation: The government response to COVID-19 in six regions has been relaxing. However, a total of 42 countries, with AFRO(14), PAHO(8), EURO(6), EMRO(6), WPRO(4), and SEARO(2) are still at the cautionary stage, confirming the high risk of a 2nd wave of COVID-19. In particular, AFRO region being at a high risk of COVID-19 spreading, And also 14 countries in AFRO are still in cautionary stage, thus they need to prepare for the spread of COVID-19. Though other regions’ countries are now in relaxing level, they need to prepare for the second wave of covid-19. Finally, active participation of cit
The study aims to describe process evaluation measures of the three-year Health Promoting Schools’ obesity prevention program in Lima and Callao, Peru, and to assess factors that influenced the implementation of the intervention leading to the mentioned process outcomes results. The program was implemented in four public high schools located in low-income areas of Lima and Callao. Embedded in a Health Promoting School Intervention, the program consisted of two main components?an education program and several environmental activities. Quantitative data were collected and analyzed based on dose delivered and reach for each specific activity. Dose received was analyzed by satisfaction scores related to six specific activities. Furthermore, qualitative data including documentation of activities and transcriptions from individual in-depth interviews were qualitatively analyzed to identify factors influencing the implementation. The education component of the Health Promoting Schools’ program achieved a 78.4% average nutrition sessions delivery in 2015 and 88.0% in 2017; while for PA sessions, the average delivery in 2015 was of 79.7% and 93.8% in 2017. In the case of reach, at least 75% of total students participated in all sessions per year. Nevertheless, there were differences in terms of delivery and participation in a number of environmental activities within and between schools during the program period. Differences in delivery included education sessions for parents, teachers, Junior Health Promoters, and school food kiosk staff, besides execution of physical activity events every year. Impeding factors included the complexity of the overall intervention, limited strategies to facilitate program implementation and those to maintain the participation of subjects, and related contextual factors. View
Objective
World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic on March 12th, 2020. Several studies indicate that these densely populated urban environments and the heavy dependence on traffic could increase the potential spread of COVID-19. This study investigated the association between changes in traffic volume and the spread of COVID-19 in South Korea.
Methods
This study analyzed the daily national traffic and traffic trend for 3 months from January 1st, 2020. Traffic data was measured by the 6,307 vehicle detection system (VDS). This study analyzed the traffic gap between 2019 and 2020. And non-linear regression was performed to analyze the change in traffic trend in 2020. The relationship between traffic and COVID-19 confirmed cases was analyzed using single linear regression.
Results
The mean daily nationwide in 2020 was 143,655,563 vehicles, which was 9.7% lower than the same period in 2019 (159,044,566 vehicles). All regions showed a decreasing trend for traffic in February, which shifted to an increasing trend from March. In Incheon, there only was a positive but insignificant (β?=?43,146, p?=?.056) linear relationship with the increasing numbers of new confirmed cases associated with increased traffic.
Conclusions
New confirmed COVID-19 patients have been decreasing since March, while the traffic has been increasing. Particularly, the fact that traffic is increasing indicates greater contact between people, which in turn increases the risk of COVID-19 spread. Therefore, the government will need to devise suitable policies, such as total social distancing.
Announcement of launching the JGHS commission on COVID-19 response
