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Background: Happiness is one of the most important indicators of health, wellbeing, and quality of life among older adults. The objective of the study was to investigate factors associated with happiness among senior citizens residing in rural areas using the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 3,149 senior citizens living in rural areas using secondary data from the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans. Happiness was measured by a single question and responses were recorded dichotomously. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed at a 5% level of significance.
Results: In all, 64.5% of the participants considered themselves as happy most of the time in the last 1 week. In the study, socio-demographic factors did not predict happiness except age. Satisfaction with a health status, financial situation, relationship with children, cultural satisfaction, and satisfaction with friends and society were positively associated with happiness among senior citizens residing in rural areas of Korea. Odds of reporting happiness were higher among those who traveled in the last 1 year, visited elderly welfare centers, and were involved in voluntary work than among those who did not.
Conclusion: Happiness among senior citizen was significantly associated with life satisfaction with regard to health, finance, relationship with family, friends and society, and social activity participation.
Background: The public health care system of a country is shaped and driven by its historical background as well as social, economic,
and cultural structures. This study sheds light on the unique features, strengths, and weaknesses of the health insurance systems of
South Korea (Korea) and Peru.
Methods: The capacity mapping tool was used to explore the Korean and Peruvian population and geographical structures; health
insurance laws, regulations, and policies; payment systems; eligibility and contribution collection; and long?term care insurance.
Results: The study found that the Korean government took the lead in integrating multiple insurers into a single?payer system in an
effort to reinforce and stabilize its health insurance system in 2000. Peru has been developed mixed model such based on taxes and
contributions, to address a gap between different social classes. Peruvian government developed a two?axis system, one for low?
income earners, financed by taxes, and another financed by contributions paid by workers and government officials in the formal
sector. Peru has introduced many variations to its fee payment and insurer systems, target population, and coverage scope, and
maintains its health insurance system accordingly to this day.
Conclusion: The current study provides observation of the Health Insurance System in two different countries and helps to
understand possible ways to improve the health insurance system in both countries. Based on this study, Peru will be able to see how
its system differs from Korea’s and benefit from the related policy implications.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the operational status and current management of Sub-HealthCenters in Limpio, Paraguay. Second, understanding the use of Sub-Health Centers and Perceptions ofSub-Health Centers in Limpio, Paraguay. Third, Providing policy implications for strengthening the HealthDelivery System in Paraguay. Methods: The survey of the current status of sub-health centers in Limpio wasconducted with observation and interview. Utilization of Sub-Health centers was analyzed in the 2018 ParaguayCommunity Health Survey. A face to face interview was conducted to complete a questionnaire and 831samples were collected for the study. Results: In order to perform the normal function of the sub-health center,it will be necessary to allocate manpower that meets the standard. A common problem with sub-health centersin Limpio is that they have an environment vulnerable to rain. Currently, there are no health promotion andcommunicable disease management programs in sub-health center. Satisfaction of users about treatment,equipment, medicines and cleanleness of rooms. Implications: First, it is necessary to allocate human resourcesand organize spaces according to the standard. Second, there was a problem caused by moisture, andcontinuous maintenance and repair are required. Third, water and sewage related facilities must be safelyimproved to prevent contamination of groundwater. Forth, it is necessary to implement a program that fits therole of the sub-health center. Fifth, it is necessary to form a health delivery system considering the accessibilityof residents. Finally, it is necessary to discuss the location of sub-health center considering travel time of Limpioresidents.
이 연구는 일본과 한국의 보건복지통합서비스 정책 사례를 바탕으로 Capacity Mapping Tool을 이용하여 커뮤니티케어 환경을 분석하고 앞으로 커뮤니티케어의 정책적 방향성을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 일본은 ‘지역포괄케어’를, 한국은 ‘서울시 찾아가는 동주민센터’를 사례로 선정했고, 서비스 전달체계, 재원, 인력, 조직, 관리를 포함한 5가지 구성요소의 Capacity mapping을 실시하였다. 인력과 재원조달 측면에서는 서울시 찾동 사업은 지방세를 기반으로 방문간호사, 사회복지사와 주민차지위원회 활동이 강조된 반면, 일본의 지역포괄케어는 개호보험을 바탕으로 보건의료와 사회복지 연계를 위한 코디네이터가 중요한 역할을 수행한다는 점에서 차이가 있었다. 서비스 제공체계 측면에서는 일본이 홈케어, 예방, 진료, 보건, 생활, 주거를 아우르는 포괄적 서비스 제공체계를 갖고 있던 반면, 서울시는 일정 연령에 도달한 모든 노인에게 보건복지 협력에 기반으ㄹ둔 사전적 질병예방 및 만성질환 관리 서비스를 제공했다는 측면에서 차이가 있었다. 앞으로 우리나라 커뮤니티케어가 성공적으로 정착하려면 사회서비스의 연속성 측면에서 서비스 연계와 확대 전략이 필요할 것이다.
서론: 청소년기는 여러 생물학적 변화 및 사고방식의 발전과 함께 성행위가 나타나기 시작하는 인간성장의 단계이다. 쿠바를 포함한 많은 라틴아메리카 국가들은 청소년들의 성관계 조기 시작과 같은 위험한성행동을 보고해 왔다. 이 연구의 목적은 사회 인구 통계학적 요소, 정보 수단 및 쿠바의 십대 학생의 성적 행동에 영향을 미치는 행동 요소 사이의 관계를 확립하는 것이다.
방법: 본 연구를 위해 쿠바 십대들의 생식 및 성적 행동 경향 파악을 위해 설문조사를 실시했다. 전체260명 중 성경험 여부에 응답한 232명에 대해 인구사회학적 특성의 파악과 성 관련 정보수집수단, 행동적 요인과 성행동 사이의 연관성분석을 위해 회귀분석을 실시했다.
결과: 대상자들의 평균 연령은 16.9세이고 대다수는 여성(64.2%)이었다. 232명 중에 45.3%는 무신론자, 31.2%는 유신론자이었다. 종교의 중요도에 대한 생각은 39.2%가 종교가 중요하지 않다고 응답했고34.0%는 중요하다고, 14.0%는 종교가 매우 중요하다고 응답했다. 응답자 232명 중 80.5%의 십대들이성관계 경험이 있다고 하였으며 첫 성관계 평균 연령은 14.65세였다. 피임약을 사용한 비율은 63.8%이었다. 인구사회학적 특성 중에 성별은 성관계와 통계적으로 유의미한 연관성을 나타냈으며, 남성은 여성보다 성관계를 가질 가능성이 3.8 배 더 높았다. 또한, 종교는 성관계와 관련이 없었다. 그러나 나이는 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났으며, 나이가 한 살 많아질수록 성관계 가능성은 2.29배 증가함을 알 수있었다. 성 관련 정보수집수단과 관련하여 친구와 학교의 성교육 커리큘럼이 청소년들의 성행동을 결정하는 중요한 요인이었다.
결론: 쿠바 십대들의 연령과 성별은 성행동의 중요한 결정요인으로 나타났다. 또한, 쿠바의 십대들은친구와 학교로부터 성에 대한 정보를 수집하고 있으므로 학교에서 보다 종합적인 성교육 프로그램을 만드는 등의 십대들의 성행동 문제를 다룰 때 영향요인들을 고려해야 할 것이다.
Objective. To assess the effectiveness of a comprehensive blood pressure (BP) control program on improving lifestyle indicators, BP levels, and laboratory examination results among people living in low-income urban areas of Peru.
Methods. A prospective before-and-after study design was applied to 1 271 participants with hypertension or pre-hypertension. The intervention was implemented for 2 years, from May 2015 ? April 2017, in three health centers in Lima (2 in Comas and 1 in Callao). The changes in participants over the study period were compared. All participants were provided with individualized consultations, group health education sessions, regular group meetings to improve self-management, and text messages providing health education. Paired t- and chi-square tests were used to determine the significance of the changes in indicators before and after the intervention.
Results. Lifestyle behaviors, such as weight and blood pressure monitoring, reduced salt consumption, increased fruit and vegetable consumption, and stress control improved during the intervention (P < 0.001). The EuroQol-Five Dimension Scale showed improvement (P < 0.001) and body mass index, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic BPs of the participants significantly decreased (P < 0.001). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride decreased (P < 0.01) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increased after the program (P < 0.001).
Conclusions. This comprehensive BP control program was effective in improving lifestyle indicators, BP levels, and laboratory results among people living in a low-income urban area of Peru. Increasing opportunities for BP measurement, systematic management of hypertensive patients, and community-based prevention and education programs are paramount to hypertension detection, prevention, and control.
Objective. To assess the effectiveness of a comprehensive blood pressure (BP) control program on improving lifestyle indicators, BP levels, and laboratory examination results among people living in low-income urban areas of Peru.
Methods. A prospective before-and-after study design was applied to 1 271 participants with hypertension or pre-hypertension. The intervention was implemented for 2 years, from May 2015 ? April 2017, in three health centers in Lima (2 in Comas and 1 in Callao). The changes in participants over the study period were compared. All participants were provided with individualized consultations, group health education sessions, regular group meetings to improve self-management, and text messages providing health education. Paired t- and chi-square tests were used to determine the significance of the changes in indicators before and after the intervention.
Results. Lifestyle behaviors, such as weight and blood pressure monitoring, reduced salt consumption, increased fruit and vegetable consumption, and stress control improved during the intervention (P < 0.001). The EuroQol-Five Dimension Scale showed improvement (P < 0.001) and body mass index, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic BPs of the participants significantly decreased (P < 0.001). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride decreased (P < 0.01) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increased after the program (P < 0.001).
Conclusions. This comprehensive BP control program was effective in improving lifestyle indicators, BP levels, and laboratory results among people living in a low-income urban area of Peru. Increasing opportunities for BP measurement, systematic management of hypertensive patients, and community-based prevention and education programs are paramount to hypertension detection, prevention, and control.
연구목적 : 본 연구는 콩고민주공화국 Kwango지역 Kenge 보건지역 내 임산부 및 15~49세 유배우 가임기 여성의 모자보건 수준 및 지식수준을 파악하고, 모자보건지식에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하기 위해서 수행되었다.
연구방법 : 본 연구의 대상자는 콩고민주공화국 Kwango 지역 Kenge 보건지역에 거주하는 유배우 15~49세의 여성 949명을 대상으로 하였다. 결과변수는 모자보건지식으로 산전관리 4회 이상, 시설 분만, 전문가에 의한 분만, 산후관리를 받아야 한다고 답변하고, 완전모유수유를 해야 한다고 대답한 대상자들로 조사하였다.
주요결과 : 본 연구대상자는 949명이었으며, 이중 모자보건지식이 있다고 응답한 군은 421명으로 44.4%를 차지하였다. 교육수준의 경우 무학에 비해 초등교육 이상 받은 여성의 모자보건지식이 3.16배 높았으며, 읽기능력, 글쓰기 능력, 계산능력의 경우 각각 1.65배, 1.74배. 2.06배 더 높게 나타났다. 또한 모자보건지식이 없는 군에 비해 모자보건지식이 있는 대상자의 경우 산전관리 4회 이상 2.01배, 전문가에 의한 분만 1.93배, 산후관리 2.47배, 완전모유수유 1.63배 더 높게 나타났다.
결론 : 모성의 건강한 삶을 추구하기 위해서는 여성이 자신의 건강상태를 인지하고 건강행위를 이행할 수 있도록 적극적인 교육 증대가 필요하고 건강관리 이행을 높이기 위한 새로운 사업방식이 적극적으로 모색되어야 하겠다.
Abstract. This article is based on the analysis of the systematization of the Health Promoting Schools project implemented in Lima, Peru, from 2014 to 2017 by an agreement between the International Cooperation Agency of South Korea and the Ministry of Health of Peru. A description of the phases developed, the strategies used and the alliances built for their implementation will be presented. For that purpose, a review of secondary sources and interviews to key players as primary sources were conducted. The project’s prevention and health promotion paradigms should be considered as complements.
